Early Years

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is underpinned by a statutory framework and supported by non-statutory guidance, such as Development Matters, both informed by a strong research and evidence base for children from birth to five. The EYFS framework sets out the legal requirements for early years providers, meaning all practice must remain fully aligned with it, even alongside broader expectations such as SEND inclusion and support.

While the framework defines what must be in place, it does not prescribe a single teaching method. Instead, it reflects a distinct Early Years pedagogy in which play is central to learning and development. Grounded in research, this approach emphasises child-led and guided play, responsive interactions, and secure relationships. As a result, "high-quality teaching" in the Early Years differs from more formal school-based models, focusing on engagement, exploration, and meaningful interactions rather than direct instruction alone.

A key statutory element is the Characteristics of Effective Learning (CoEL), which are fundamental to both planning and guiding children's learning. These characteristics (playing and exploring, active learning, and creating and thinking critically) focus on how children learn, not just what they learn. They underpin all areas of learning and development and support children to become motivated, resilient, and reflective learners.

All children and young people (CYP) are entitled to an early education in which play is central, enabling them to achieve the best possible outcomes. Most will access universal provision, engaging in experiences that support the development of the Characteristics of Effective Learning and progress towards the Early Learning Goals (ELGs) across the seven areas of learning.

Some children will require additional support through targeted provision and interventions. For those making slower progress, practitioners must provide adapted learning opportunities alongside ongoing, responsive assessment and monitoring. This inclusive approach ensures all children, regardless of need, can access a flexible, responsive curriculum rooted in strong pedagogy.

In this way, Development Matters complements the EYFS by supporting practitioners to understand development pathways and make informed decisions about teaching, learning, and assessment, ensuring practice remains statutorily compliant and developmentally appropriate.